2025 Summer Leadership Series – Debt Risks, Market Shifts, and the Confidence Factor
In the thirteenth edition of Connect Money’s 2025 Leadership Series, top industry voices weigh in on whether today’s markets are adequately pricing the risk of debt sustainability—or overlooking a looming hazard. The discussion also explores which prevailing storylines, from the ‘AI trade’ to the soft landing, could reverse course in the second half of the year. Looking out over the next 6–12 months, experts share both the risks that keep them up at night and the forces that give them the greatest confidence.
Featuring insights from Michael Underhill, Founder and CIO, Capital Innovations; Jake Heidkamp, Principal, Co-President, FactRight; Jade Miller, CEO, ADISA; Stacy Chitty, Co-founder & Owner, Blue Vault Partners; and Jordan Lang, President, McCourt Partners.
We’ve seen fiscal discipline concerns re-emerge. Do you think markets are adequately pricing the risk of debt sustainability — or are we ignoring a potential time bomb?

Michael Underhill
Michael Underhill, Founder and CIO, Capital Innovations: Markets are not pricing the full extent of fiscal risk. The U.S. debt trajectory is on autopilot, and that’s dangerous. Investors are layering in sovereign credit screens and holding liquidity buffers ready to deploy in dislocation. Investors ignoring this risk could find themselves on the wrong side of a fiscal wake-up call.
Jake Heidkamp, Principal, Co-President, FactRight: This has been a concern for years and is outside the scope of our firm’s research/analysis; and it follows the adage how did you go bankrupt?…slowly and then all of a sudden. Debt sustainability concerns have been amplified by the scale of outlays made during COVID, other central banks reallocating a portion of their reserves from U.S. Treasuries into gold among other assets and continued deficit spending through the BBB process. While far from our area of expertise/core competency one could surmise that 5+% deficit spending on an annualized basis in exchange for 2ish% GDP growth is not a great trade long-term.

Jake Heidkamp
Are there any major market narratives you think could flip in the second half of the year — for example, the ‘AI trade’ or the soft landing?

Jade Miller
Jade Miller, CEO, ADISA: One narrative that could shift in the second half of the year is interest rates. Investor sentiment can change quickly, and if tariffs do come into play and remain in place, it is likely that we could see some market pullback and heightened market volatility. That could then put a spotlight on the price of illiquidity and on transaction volumes, both of which could become more important factors in how investors position themselves.
When you look out over the next 6–12 months, what keeps you up at night — and what gives you the most confidence?
Stacy Chitty, Co-founder & Owner, Blue Vault Partners: The Russia-Ukraine conflict and possibly not working out a deal with China on tariffs are what makes me the most nervous. We can sustain our progress through tough waters with China. I guess I see Russia/Ukraine as the noisiest and potentially most threatening challenge to the state of the economy and the world more broadly. But things change so quickly in the world today. You almost have to reassess monthly.

Stacy Chitty

Jordan Lang
Jordan Lang, President, McCourt Partners: What keeps me up is the mismatch between where valuations are and where capital wants to be. You’ve got sellers holding onto peak-era expectations, buyers dealing with higher debt costs, and a lot of institutional equity still on the sidelines. That disconnect is making it hard to get deals done, and it’s slowing the kind of placemaking investments we believe in.
What gives me confidence is that real estate, especially in urban markets, always finds equilibrium eventually. Communities still need housing, infrastructure, and public-private investment. We’re working on projects right now across the country that reflect a long-term demand. The noise around rates and politics is real, but it’s not permanent. What endures is the need for thoughtful, values-driven development.
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